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1 August 2005 THE EFFECTS OF AGE AND SEX ON THE APPARENT SURVIVAL OF KENTISH PLOVERS BREEDING IN SOUTHERN TURKEY
Brett K. Sandercock, Tamás Székely, András Kosztolányi
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Abstract

Accurate estimates of annual survival are necessary for conservation of threatened species of migratory birds. We studied a large, stable population of Kentish Plovers (Charadrius alexandrinus) breeding in southern Turkey (36°43′N, 35°03′E) for five breeding seasons (1996–2000). Kentish Plovers of Eurasia and the conspecific Snowy Plover of North America are a species of conservation concern. We captured 2077 birds, and used time since marking models to estimate apparent survival (ϕ) and encounter rates (p) for juvenile and adult plovers. Return rates of young banded in their natal year were low (4%, 52 of 1176) and most philopatric young were recaptured as yearlings (69%, 36 of 52). Low return rates of shorebird young can be attributed to post-hatching mortality if apparent survival rates are ranked: chicks < fledglings = adults. We were unable to separate mortality from dispersal because apparent survival was ranked: chicks (ϕ̂1 = 0.08) < fledglings (ϕ̂1 = 0.15) < adults after banding (ϕ̂1 = 0.59) < adults in later intervals (ϕ̂2 = 0.64). Time since marking models gave improved estimates of the apparent survival of adults that were higher than return rates in other populations of Kentish Plovers, but lower than estimates of apparent survival for other Charadrius plovers. Sex-biased mating opportunities in Kentish Plovers were not explained by biased sex ratios at hatching or differential apparent survival among adults. Instead, male-biased adult sex ratios were explained, in part, by differential survival of juveniles and by higher encounter rates among adult males ( = 0.84) than females ( = 0.74). Our baseline estimates of apparent survival will assist assessments of population viability for Kentish and Snowy Plovers throughout their geographic range.

Efectos de la Edad y del Sexo sobre la Supervivencia Aparente de Charadrius alexandrinus en Áreas de Cría en el Sur de Turquía

Resumen. Contar con estimaciones exactas de la supervivencia anual es necesario para la conservación de las aves migratorias amenazadas. Estudiamos una población grande y estable de Charadrius alexandrinus en un área de cría del sur de Turquía (36°43′N, 35°03′E) durante cinco épocas reproductivas (1996–2000). Charadrius alexandrinus es una especie con un estado de conservación preocupante tanto en Eurasia como en Norte América. En este estudio capturamos 2077 aves y empleamos modelos del tiempo transcurrido desde el marcado para estimar las tasas de supervivencia aparente (ϕ) y de encuentro (p) para individuos juveniles y adultos. Las tasas de regreso de juveniles anillados a su área de nacimiento fueron bajas (4%, 52 de 1176), y la mayoría de los individuos filopátricos fueron recapturados cuando tenían un año de edad (69%, 36 de 52). Las bajas tasas de regreso de los pichones de aves playeras pueden deberse a mortalidad post-eclosión si las tasas de supervivencia aparente son menores en los pichones que en los volantones y adultos, y si estos dos últimos tienen tasas de supervivencia similares. No estuvimos en capacidad de distinguir entre mortalidad y dispersión debido a que la supervivencia aparente fue mínima en los pichones (ϕ̂1 = 0.08) y subsecuentemente mayor en volantones (ϕ̂1 = 0.15), en adultos luego de ser marcados (ϕ̂1 = 0.59) y en adultos en intervalos posteriores (ϕ̂2 = 0.64). Los

Brett K. Sandercock, Tamás Székely, and András Kosztolányi "THE EFFECTS OF AGE AND SEX ON THE APPARENT SURVIVAL OF KENTISH PLOVERS BREEDING IN SOUTHERN TURKEY," The Condor 107(3), 583-596, (1 August 2005). https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2005)107[0583:TEOAAS]2.0.CO;2
Received: 27 June 2004; Accepted: 1 March 2005; Published: 1 August 2005
KEYWORDS
age at maturity
Charadrius alexandrinus
demography
mark-recapture
sex ratio
Snowy Plover
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